Zum Hauptinhalt springen

Chapter 30: Definite Articles

๐Ÿ“ Introductionโ€‹

In German, definite articles (bestimmte Artikel) are the equivalent of โ€œtheโ€ in English. They change form depending on the gender of the noun and the grammatical case (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive).


๐Ÿ“š Overview of Definite Articlesโ€‹

GenderNominativeAccusativeDativeGenitive
Masculinederdendemdes
Femininediediederder
Neuterdasdasdemdes
Plural (all)diediedender

This table shows the four grammatical cases, but for A1.1 level, we will focus mainly on:

  • Nominative: Subject of the sentence
  • Accusative: Direct object of the sentence

๐Ÿง  What are Articles?โ€‹

German nouns always need an article. English: the book German: das Buch

There are two main types:

  • Definite articles (bestimmte Artikel) โ†’ "the"
  • Indefinite articles (unbestimmte Artikel) โ†’ "a/an" (e.g., ein/eine)

๐ŸŸฆ Nominative Case: The Subject of the Sentenceโ€‹

GenderArticleExampleEnglish Translation
Masculinederder Mannthe man
Femininediedie Frauthe woman
Neuterdasdas Kindthe child
Pluraldiedie Bรผcherthe books

๐Ÿ“Œ Examples:

  • Der Hund ist laut. โ†’ The dog is loud.
  • Die Lampe ist schรถn. โ†’ The lamp is beautiful.
  • Das Auto ist neu. โ†’ The car is new.
  • Die Kinder spielen. โ†’ The children are playing.

๐ŸŸฅ Accusative Case: The Direct Objectโ€‹

Only masculine article changes in accusative:

GenderNominativeAccusativeExample
MasculinederdenIch sehe den Mann.
FemininediedieIch sehe die Frau.
NeuterdasdasIch sehe das Haus.
PluraldiedieIch sehe die Autos.

๐Ÿ“Œ Examples:

  • Ich habe den Stuhl gekauft. โ†’ I bought the chair.
  • Sie kennt die Frau. โ†’ She knows the woman.
  • Er sieht das Kind. โ†’ He sees the child.
  • Wir lieben die Hunde. โ†’ We love the dogs.

๐Ÿ” Summary Chart (A1.1 Focus: Nominative & Accusative)โ€‹

GenderNominativeAccusative
Masculinederden
Femininediedie
Neuterdasdas
Pluraldiedie

๐Ÿงพ List of Common Nouns with Articlesโ€‹

German NounGenderArticle (Nom.)English
der TischMasculinederthe table
die LampeFemininediethe lamp
das AutoNeuterdasthe car
die BรผcherPluraldiethe books
der StuhlMasculinederthe chair
die UhrFemininediethe clock
das FensterNeuterdasthe window
die HundePluraldiethe dogs

โœ๏ธ Grammar Rules to Rememberโ€‹

โœ… Articles must match the gender of the noun. โœ… Masculine articles change to 'den' in the accusative. โœ… Plural is always 'die' in both nominative and accusative.


๐Ÿง  Exercisesโ€‹

1. Fill in the blanks (Use correct definite article):โ€‹

  1. ______ Tisch ist alt.
  2. Ich sehe ______ Lampe.
  3. ______ Auto ist neu.
  4. Wir kaufen ______ Bรผcher.
  5. Ich liebe ______ Mann.

๐ŸŸฉ Answers:

  1. Der
  2. die
  3. Das
  4. die
  5. den

2. Match the article to the noun:โ€‹

NounArticle
Frau?
Kind?
Mรคnner?
Stuhl?

๐ŸŸฉ Answers:

  • die Frau
  • das Kind
  • die Mรคnner
  • der Stuhl

๐Ÿ–ผ๏ธ Visual Chart (Definite Articles)โ€‹

+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| | Nominativ | Akkusativ |
+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| der Mann | der | den |
| die Frau | die | die |
| das Kind | das | das |
| die Bรผcher | die | die |
+--------------+-----------+-----------+

๐Ÿ“„ Printable Summary Sheet (for Study & Revision)โ€‹

NOMINATIVE:

  • der (m) der Tisch
  • die (f) die Lampe
  • das (n) das Auto
  • die (pl) die Bรผcher

ACCUSATIVE:

  • den (m) Ich sehe den Tisch.
  • die (f) Ich sehe die Lampe.
  • das (n) Ich sehe das Auto.
  • die (pl) Ich sehe die Bรผcher.

KEY VOCAB:

  • der Hund = the dog
  • die Frau = the woman
  • das Kind = the child
  • die Katzen = the cats

RULES:

  • Masculine article becomes 'den' in accusative.
  • Feminine, neuter, and plural remain 'die' or 'das' in accusative.

TIPS:

  • Always learn a noun with its article!
  • Use flashcards with color codes (blue = m, red = f, green = n, yellow = pl)

๐Ÿ“š Final Practice: Mini Quiz (Self-Check)โ€‹

Translate into German:

  1. The man is tall.
  2. I see the woman.
  3. The car is expensive.
  4. We love the children.

๐ŸŸฉ Answers:

  1. Der Mann ist groรŸ.
  2. Ich sehe die Frau.
  3. Das Auto ist teuer.
  4. Wir lieben die Kinder.